The meeting, which will take place in Egypt from November 6-18, will take place amid rising fuel costs and diplomatic tensions.

World leaders will discuss actions to tackle climate change at the United Nations Climate Change Conference in Egypt, better known as COP27.

President-elect Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva (PT) should attend the event at the invitation of Egyptian president Abdel Fatah al-Sissi.

The summit comes after a year of climate disasters and temperature records in various parts of the world.

Understand the importance of the Climate Summit for the future of the planet.

What is the UN Climate Summit?

United Nations climate conferences are held annually for governments to agree on measures to limit the rise in global temperature.

These meetings are called the COP, which stands for “Conference of the Parties”. Parties are countries that signed the original UN climate agreement (United Nations) in 1992.

COP27 is the 27th annual UN meeting on climate. It will take place in Sharm el-Sheikh, Egypt, from November 6-18.

• It’s not just Brazil – rich countries are failing their environmental goals
• COP26: Major failures and victories of the final summit agreement on climate change

Why are COP meetings necessary?

The planet is warming due to emissions produced by humans, particularly through the burning of fossil fuels such as oil, natural gas and coal.

According to the UN climate scientists, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), the global temperature has already increased by 1.1°C and is rising towards 1.5°C.

If the temperature rises 1.7 to 1.8°C above 1850 levels, the IPCC estimates that half of the world’s population could be exposed to life-threatening heat and humidity.

To avoid this, 194 countries signed the Paris Agreement in 2015, promising to “make efforts” to limit global temperature rise to 1.5°C.

Who will be at COP27?

More than 200 governments were invited.

However, some leaders of major economies, including Russian President Vladimir Putin, are not expected to attend. But country delegates are still awaited.

Other countries, including China, did not confirm whether their leaders would attend.

Host Egypt urged countries to put aside their differences and “show leadership”.

environmental NGOs, community groups, think tanks (NGOs trying to influence public policy), businesses and religious groups will also participate.

Why will COP27 be in Egypt?

This is the fifth time a COP will be held in Africa.

Regional governments hope to draw attention to the serious impacts of climate change on the continent. The IPCC states that Africa is one of the world’s most vulnerable regions to climate change.

Currently, an estimated 17 million people in East Africa face food insecurity. The part of the continent that has a coast on the Indian Ocean? because of the drought.

However, the choice of Egypt as the headquarters caused controversy.

Some human rights and climate advocates say the Egyptian government has prevented them from participating because they have criticized the country’s record in securing rights.

What will be discussed at COP27?

Prior to the meeting, countries were invited to submit ambitious national climate plans. Only 25 countries did this? yet.

COP27 will focus on three main areas:

• emission reduction
• Helping countries prepare for and cope with climate change
• Secure technical support and funding for developing countries for these activities

Some issues not fully resolved or addressed at COP26 will remain:

• Damage financing? money to help countries recover from the effects of climate change rather than just preparing for it
• Establishment of a global carbon market? Pricing the effects of emissions on products and services globally
• Strengthen commitments to reduce coal use

There will also be themed days for talks and announcements focusing on topics like gender, agriculture and biodiversity.

Are friction points expected?

Financing has been an issue in climate negotiations.

In 2009, developed countries committed to donating US$100 billion per year to developing countries by 2020 to help them reduce emissions and prepare for climate change.

The target was not achieved and was postponed to 2023.

But do developing countries also demand “damage” payments? compensation for climate impacts currently faced.

At the climate talks at COP26, Germany’s city of Bonn, an option for payments was excluded amid resistance from rich countries who feared they would have to pay reparations for decades.

The European Union has decided to restart negotiations at COP27.

jargon

• Paris Agreement: Did the Paris Agreement unite all the nations of the world? first time ? a single agreement to combat global warming and reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
• IPCC: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change reviews the latest research on climate change
• 1.5°C: Limiting global average temperature rise to 1.5°C? compared to the pre-industrial era? Scientists say it will avoid the worst effects of climate change

How will we know if the summit was successful?

Depends on who you ask.

Developing countries will at least want the financing of losses to be on the agenda. They will also try to set a specific date for them to start receiving payments.

Will developed countries want more commitments from major developing countries? Like China, India, Brazil, Indonesia and South Africa? moving away from coal, which is the most polluting of fossil fuels.

Also, are there any commitments from last year? about forests, coal and methane emissions ? More countries can join.

But some scientists believe that world leaders are making their decisions too late, and no matter what is decided at COP27, it will not be possible to limit global warming to the 1.5°C limit.

– This text was published in: https://www.bbc.com/portuguese/internacional-63507433

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