Who hasn’t picked up a stained, cut, or even torn note? Money made from cellulose has an expiration date and must one day go to the “trash”. It is the duty of the Central Bank to put new banknotes on the market and remove those that no longer serve them.

First, the banknote is produced at the Casa da Moeda and then issued by the Central Bank to Banco do Brasil, which is contracted to distribute the money among other banks. In the branches, ballot papers are drawn and distributed among the people until they are completely worn out.

Which banknotes are out of circulation?

According to BC, stained, dirty, deformed, frayed or shattered banknotes may be withdrawn from circulation; by signs, doodles, symbols or drawings. Banknotes with cuts or tears on the edges or inside are also not circulated; burned or damaged by the action of liquids, chemicals, and explosives.

Are all damaged banknotes discarded?

Only banknotes that have worn out with use are still valuable and can circulate normally. What happens is that when they come to a bank, they don’t come back to the public. This analysis of banknotes that are (or may not) be in recirculation is also done automatically in machines at the Central Bank.

Where do discarded banknotes go?

BC states that currently, 92% of all banknotes not suitable for circulation are recycled. The raw material of banknote fibers serves as an energy input in kilns for cement production by coprocessing.

This recycling business is done in Curitiba, São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Belo Horizonte, Brasília, Salvador, Recife and Belém. Only in Fortaleza, the remains of banknotes are still dumped in landfills.

What is the banknote recycling process like?

Banknotes deemed unsuitable for circulation are shredded and compressed into brick-shaped volumes to facilitate storage and transportation. The Central Bank then undertakes to remove the banknotes from its facilities and prepare them for use as energy input.

The future

According to BC, the recycling process of a banknote helps reduce the use of non-renewable natural resources and reduce carbon dioxide emissions, as well as eliminating waste in landfills.

Despite this, the Central Bank states that it is exploring new ways to increase the useful life of banknotes and reuse alternatives as part of its Sustainable Logistics Management Plan.

48 years ago, the tragedy of flight RG820 took place, which crashed shortly before landing in Paris (France), killing 123 people. About six years later, another flight, RG967, disappeared while flying across the Pacific Ocean.

Jointly, the two flights were carried out by the extinct company Varig (Viação Aérea Rio-Grandense), with pilot Gilberto Araújo da Silva as commander. Although he survived the first crash, he disappeared in the second crash, which is considered one of aviation’s greatest mysteries to date.

The commander is considered one of the few pilots in the world to be involved in two fatal crashes.

Who was Silva?

Paraibano, Silva was born on 12 November 1923 in the municipality of Santa Luzia. Around the age of 20, he began working in the maintenance of aircraft for the Goiás government.

The eldest daughter, who tells the story of Silva, is the doctor Maria Leticia Freitas Silva Chavarria. He says his father’s entry into aviation was due to the influence of the pilot’s uncle, the great aviator Filon Ferrer Araújo, who worked in Goiânia.

He soon started working at the Goiânia air club, took a piloting course, and got his license in 1943. Silva then flew to Fundação Brasil Central, near the banks of the Xingu River, where he took his fellow countrymen, the Villas-Bôas, across. interior of the country.

Years later, he started commercial aviation on the Viação Aérea Baiana and even became a pilot for the Minas Gerais government. He started flying Varig in the 1960s after his company, Real Aerovias Nacional, was bought by the airline when it moved to São Paulo.

At Varig he piloted the Boeing 707, an aircraft for which in the 1970s he was promoted to master command, the highest level in the hierarchy among pilots.

In 1973, as he avoided a major tragedy involving flight RG820 (see more details below), Silva became a hero in that country by the Brazilian government and the French Ministry of Transport.

In 1979, it was assumed that he died after the disappearance of flight RG967.

Orly Disaster

In July 1973, Silva was in command of flight RG820 from Brazil to Orly airport in France. As the Boeing 707 was approaching for landing, a fire broke out in the bathroom, allegedly caused by an accidentally thrown cigarette.

The crew chose to land the plane in an onion field near the airport threshold to avoid an even greater tragedy. With this, they prevented the plane from reaching a village, as it would barely reach the landing strip.

The commander’s decision to move the plane away from settlements was caused by an accident that occurred a month ago in France.

In June 1973, a Tupolev Tu-144 aircraft participating in demonstrations during the Paris Air Show crashed into homes, killing its entire crew, several on the ground, and injuring dozens.

The RG820 pilots did not want to repeat the tragedy, and Commander Silva had to stick his head out of the plane’s window to see ahead as the cabin filled with smoke.

“Since we won’t survive, we’re not going to kill any more people there,” the pilot said.

Only 11 people survived, and more than 120 died, including then-senator Filinto Müller and singer Agostinho dos Santos. Some of the people died of suffocation from the smoke, but not from the fall itself or the fire.

After this accident, aviation safety standards began to be reviewed, including the adoption of flame retardant fabrics in aircraft.

The Disappearance of Varig Flight 967 with Expensive Artworks

Flight Varig 967 departed from Narita airport in Japan to Galeão airport in Rio de Janeiro in January 1979, making a stopover in Los Angeles (USA). Silva was the commander of the aircraft.

The Boeing 707 featured electronics, sewing machines, ship parts, and paintings by Japanese-Brazilian artist Manabu Mabe, valued at the time US$1.2 million.

The plane contacted air traffic control about 22 minutes after takeoff. This was standard communication and another had to be made about an hour before the flight, which did not happen.

The plane is believed to have crashed into the Pacific Ocean because to date no debris, bodies or signs of the accident have been found.

Various conspiracy theories emerged, such as the plane being attacked to steal the artwork or the pilots being shot down or killed after a landing by accidentally entering Soviet airspace.

However, the mainstream explaining the disappearance is that there was a slow decompression in the cabin and the crew lost consciousness. After flying for a while on autopilot, the plane would crash into the ocean.

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The dismissal of seven Mundial TV employees associated with the priest Valdemiro Santiago worsened the domestic atmosphere and the conversations between the Radicalists Union and the station.

Although there was no unlawfulness in the dismissals, the situation has already been tense since the last 5 because, according to the workers, the TV is again delaying the payments.

They claim that the fifth month’s pay is delayed and only a fraction of the workers receive meal vouchers. They also say that no agreement has yet been reached on when the church will delay depositing FGTS for everyone.

The FGTS issue is being discussed in court and TV has been given 30 days to express an opinion.

It was delays like these that caused TV Mundial workers to go on strike twice last year.

Column is trying to hear from the church’s Legal department. If a representative speaks, this text will be updated.

The state-owned Eletronuclear, which is responsible for the operation of the Angra 1 and Angra 2 nuclear power plants, reported this Saturday (2) that the two facilities are operating at “full capacity” normally, unaffected by the heavy rains hitting the south. district of Rio de Janeiro. At least 14 people died as a result of storms across the state.

“There are points where the BR-101 RJ Sul is partially or completely banned. [Rio-Santos] due to landslides, but not affecting the response actions of the External Emergency Plan (PEE),” a quote from the note reads.

“As the company is part of the Costa Verde Mutual Assistance Plan (PAM), it contributes machinery and personnel to help clear the roads. The group brings together about 40 institutions from five municipalities, including Angra dos Reis and Paraty, to take action. emergencies,” he adds.

Also, according to the statement, Praia Brava Hospital, run by Feam (Fundação Eletronuclear de Assistência Médica), is working to help rain victims.

Paraty and Angra are the most punished.

The situation is more critical in the cities of Paraty and Angra dos Reis, where there are seven victims from the same family.

In Baixada Fluminense, in Mesquita, a man identified as Daniel Ribeiro Pessoa died from electrocution that flooded Antônio Borges Street in the Santa Elias district, according to information from the Fire Department.

Inmet (National Institute of Meteorology) issued a “great danger” warning on Saturday morning that will last until 10 a.m. Sunday. In the south, north and northwest metropolitan area of ​​Rio de Janeiro, there is a chance of more than 100mm of rain in 24 hours.